Does holding H1B visa mean US permanent resident?

No

Having an H1B visa in the USA does not mean you are a permanent resident.

An H1B visa is a temporary, non-immigrant work visa that allows foreign professionals in specialty occupations to work in the U.S. for an initial period of up to 3 years, extendable to a maximum of 6 years (with some exceptions). It does not give you permanent residency or a green card by itself.

A permanent resident (green card holder) has the legal right to live and work in the U.S. indefinitely, access certain benefits, and later apply for citizenship.

However, the H1B visa is considered “dual intent”, meaning you can hold H1B status while also applying for permanent residency through an employment-based green card or family sponsorship. Many people use H1B status as a stepping stone to eventually get a green card.